{"id":4309,"date":"2020-04-20T21:18:03","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T21:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-theme.spider-themes.net\/docly\/docs\/rogan-wordpress-theme-documentation\/content\/tooltip\/"},"modified":"2026-01-26T12:27:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T12:27:36","slug":"tooltip","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/docs\/docly-documentation\/content\/tooltip\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;importance de la biotechnologie fongique pour des applications durables"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mots cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>biotechnologie fongique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>durabilit\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ing\u00e9nierie g\u00e9nomique\/m\u00e9tabolique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>optimisation de la souche<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biotechnologie pilot\u00e9e par l&#8217;IA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"st0015\">Champignons et ODD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le domaine de la biotechnologie fongique contribue activement \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation des Objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable (ODD) des Nations Unies, en proposant des solutions durables dans de nombreux secteurs (\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#f0005\">Figure 1<\/a>\u00a0). Tout d&#8217;abord, la biotechnologie fongique joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans le secteur alimentaire en renfor\u00e7ant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (ODD 2) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la culture de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/edible-fungi\">champignons comestibles\u00a0<\/a>et \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/mycorrhiza\">champignons mycorhiziens<\/a>\u00a0pour am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9silience des cultures et r\u00e9duire le recours aux pesticides chimiques [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0005\">1<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0010\">2<\/a>\u00a0]. Elle contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 mondiale (ODD 3) en fournissant des produits essentiels \u00e0 base de champignons, tels que des antibiotiques, des produits pharmaceutiques et des compl\u00e9ments alimentaires. La biotechnologie fongique rel\u00e8ve les d\u00e9fis environnementaux gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la biorem\u00e9diation, o\u00f9 les champignons sont utilis\u00e9s pour d\u00e9grader les polluants tels que\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/heavy-metal\">les m\u00e9taux lourds<\/a>\u00a0, les pesticides et les toxines organiques, d\u00e9polluant ainsi les sols et les eaux contamin\u00e9s [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0015\">3<\/a>\u00a0]. De plus, les champignons participent \u00e0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/copurification\">la purification<\/a>\u00a0de l&#8217;eau en absorbant les substances nocives et en am\u00e9liorant sa qualit\u00e9, offrant une alternative naturelle et durable aux traitements chimiques pour la gestion de la pollution environnementale (ODD 6 et 11) [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0015\">3<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0020\">4<\/a>\u00a0]. Les champignons jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/carbon-sequestration\">la s\u00e9questration du carbone<\/a>\u00a0, en capturant le dioxyde de carbone atmosph\u00e9rique. Leur contribution au fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes soutient l&#8217;action climatique (ODD 13) en renfor\u00e7ant la biodiversit\u00e9 et en am\u00e9liorant la sant\u00e9 des sols [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0025\">5<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0030\">6<\/a>\u00a0]. La biotechnologie fongique contribue au d\u00e9veloppement durable en utilisant les champignons comme\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/biofertilizer\">biofertilisants<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/biopesticide\">biopesticides\u00a0<\/a>, ce qui am\u00e9liore la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, r\u00e9duit le recours aux\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/chemical-fertilizer\">engrais chimiques\u00a0<\/a>et permet de lutter contre les ravageurs de mani\u00e8re plus \u00e9cologique. En favorisant des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes plus sains et plus r\u00e9silients, tant terrestres qu&#8217;aquatiques\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/aquatic-environment\">,\u00a0<\/a>ces champignons soutiennent la vie terrestre (ODD 15) et contribuent \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation des\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/aquatic-ecosystem\">\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes aquatiques<\/a>\u00a0(ODD 14), favorisant la biodiversit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duisant l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/ecological-footprint\">\u00a0empreinte \u00e9cologique<\/a>\u00a0des pratiques agricoles [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0035\">7<\/a>\u00a0]. La biotechnologie fongique renforce la durabilit\u00e9 industrielle en utilisant des champignons g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s pour produire des produits biosourc\u00e9s tels que des plastiques biod\u00e9gradables et des produits chimiques renouvelables, r\u00e9duisant ainsi la d\u00e9pendance au p\u00e9trole et aux produits chimiques nocifs. Cette innovation soutient les industries durables (ODD 9) et la production responsable (ODD 12) en promouvant une fabrication plus propre et l&#8217;utilisation de ressources renouvelables, minimisant ainsi l&#8217;impact environnemental.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"765\" height=\"779\" src=\"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6456\" style=\"width:620px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1.jpg 765w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-20x20.jpg 20w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-32x32.jpg 32w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-16x16.jpg 16w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-18x18.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-s2.0-S0167779925002252-gr1-600x611.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"sp0005\">Figure 1.&nbsp;Applications&nbsp;multisectorielles et potentiel d&#8217;att\u00e9nuation des \u00e9missions de carbone de la biotechnologie fongique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) Repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique des applications de la biotechnologie fongique dans divers secteurs\u00a0: alimentation, sant\u00e9, \u00e9nergie, environnement et mat\u00e9riaux. (B) La r\u00e9partition des \u00e9missions totales de carbone, d\u2019apr\u00e8s les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Agence am\u00e9ricaine de protection de l\u2019environnement (EPA), est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e pour diff\u00e9rents secteurs\u00a0: transports (28\u00a0%), production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (25\u00a0%), industrie (23\u00a0%), r\u00e9sidentiel et commercial (13\u00a0%) et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/agricultural-science\">agriculture<\/a>\u00a0(10\u00a0%), mettant en \u00e9vidence les domaines o\u00f9 les solutions fongiques peuvent att\u00e9nuer l\u2019impact environnemental (\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks<\/a>\u00a0). (C) Selon un cadre qualitatif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les valeurs les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es sur le premier axe indiquent un potentiel d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des \u00e9missions de carbone plus important, tandis que les valeurs les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es sur le second axe refl\u00e8tent une pertinence croissante dans les diff\u00e9rents domaines d\u2019application [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0030\">6<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0275\">55<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0300\">60<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0305\">61<\/a>\u00a0].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/filamentous-fungus\">Filamentous fungi<\/a>&nbsp;excel in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/protein-secretion\">protein secretion<\/a>&nbsp;and are particularly suited for producing complex enzymes due to their ability to perform post-translational modifications. Furthermore, fungi&#8217;s biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) enable the production of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/secondary-metabolite\">secondary metabolites<\/a>&nbsp;(SMs), which are crucial for ecological functions such as defense, competition, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/mutualism\">mutualism<\/a>. For example,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/fusarium-graminearum\">Fusarium graminearum<\/a>&nbsp;secretes fusaoctaxin A as a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/virulence-factor\">virulence factor<\/a>, while&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/fusarium-oxysporum\">Fusarium oxysporum<\/a>&nbsp;produces bikaverin, an antibiotic&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/polyketide\">polyketide<\/a>&nbsp;effective against&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/protozoa\">protozoa<\/a>&nbsp;and other fungi. Fungi generate four times as many SMs as bacteria, showcasing their metabolic diversity. Additionally, insect-targeted toxins in fungi, such as those in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/beauveria-bassiana\">Beauveria bassiana<\/a>, make them effective biopesticides. However, the broader ecological impacts of their use, including effects on non-target organisms and ecosystem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/dynamics\">dynamics<\/a>, are not fully understood. Further research is needed to assess the long-term sustainability and potential ecological risks of fungal biopesticides [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0040\">8<\/a>]. Engineered fungi such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/aspergillus-niger\">Aspergillus niger<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/hypocrea-jecorina\">Trichoderma reesei<\/a>&nbsp;also produce more lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, improving&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/biomass-conversion\">biomass conversion<\/a>&nbsp;efficiency while reducing energy consumption, environmental impact, and carbon footprint, supporting a circular bioeconomy [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0045\">9<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI-driven fungal biotechnology, particularly through the design\u2013build\u2013test\u2013learn (DBTL) framework, is revolutionizing the development of fungal-based solutions in various industries (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#f0010\">Figure 2<\/a>). DBTL integrates AI and machine learning at each stage to accelerate the optimization of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/fungal-strain\">fungal strains<\/a>&nbsp;for specific applications. In the \u2018design\u2019 phase [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0050\">10<\/a>], AI models predict and design optimal&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/fungal-strain\">fungal strains<\/a>&nbsp;by analyzing vast datasets on fungal&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/genetics\">genetics<\/a>, metabolic pathways, and environmental conditions. During the \u2018build\u2019 phase, automated platforms use these designs to synthesize and construct genetically engineered fungi. The \u2018test\u2019 phase employs AI to analyze the performance of these strains in high-throughput screening, optimizing the production of desired metabolites or enzymes [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0055\">11<\/a>]. Finally, in the \u2018learn\u2019 phase, AI algorithms analyze the results and refine the models to improve future designs. This iterative process enables faster and more precise development of fungal strains for applications in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/agricultural-science\">agriculture<\/a>, bioremediation,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/bioenergy\">bioenergy<\/a>, and pharmaceuticals. AI-driven DBTL allows researchers to unlock the full potential of fungal biotechnology, reducing development timelines, lowering costs, and enhancing scalability for industrial applications.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"955\" src=\"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-1024x955.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6457\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.0722722306051304;width:499px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-1024x955.png 1024w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-300x280.png 300w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-768x716.png 768w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-20x20.png 20w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-32x30.png 32w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-16x16.png 16w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-18x18.png 18w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-450x420.png 450w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08-600x560.png 600w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.21.08.png 1186w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"st0020\">La biotechnologie fongique dans le secteur nutraceutique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les champignons, notamment les champignons de Paris, les levures et les esp\u00e8ces filamenteuses, produisent une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/secondary-metabolite\">m\u00e9tabolites secondaires\u00a0<\/a>, tels que\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/polysaccharide\">des polysaccharides<\/a>\u00a0, des polyph\u00e9nols et des terp\u00e9no\u00efdes, aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoires et immunomodulatrices.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/medicinal-mushroom\">Des champignons m\u00e9dicinaux<\/a>\u00a0comme\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/lingzhi-mushroom\">Ganoderma lucidum<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/ophiocordyceps-sinensis\">Cordyceps sinensis<\/a>\u00a0sont largement utilis\u00e9s dans les aliments fonctionnels, tandis que les enzymes d&#8217;origine fongique am\u00e9liorent la biodisponibilit\u00e9 des nutriments et la digestion [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0070\">14<\/a>\u00a0]. De plus, la fermentation fongique accro\u00eet la valeur nutritionnelle des aliments d&#8217;origine v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et facilite la production de vitamines essentielles et de peptides bioactifs. Ces avanc\u00e9es positionnent la biotechnologie fongique comme un moteur essentiel du d\u00e9veloppement de produits\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/nutraceutical\">nutraceutiques<\/a>\u00a0naturels, durables et efficaces (\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"st0025\"><em>Am\u00e9lioration de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie d&#8217; A. oryzae<\/em>&nbsp;pilot\u00e9e par l&#8217;IA&nbsp;: une \u00e9tude de cas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie d&#8217; A. oryzae<\/em>\u00a0pilot\u00e9e par l&#8217;IA\u00a0progresse dans l&#8217;optimisation des souches et la pr\u00e9diction\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/gene-mutation\">des mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a>\u00a0, des fonctions fongiques et des conditions de culture (\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#f0015\">Figure 3<\/a>\u00a0). Compte tenu de ses diverses applications, les distinctions ph\u00e9notypiques entre les souches\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/phylogeny\">phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a>\u00a0rendent l&#8217;optimisation des souches cruciale. La pr\u00e9diction de ces facteurs am\u00e9liore les cycles DBTL it\u00e9ratifs et les exp\u00e9riences de biologie mol\u00e9culaire fongique [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0145\">29<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0150\">30<\/a>\u00a0]. Les mod\u00e8les de gradient boosting surpassent les autres mod\u00e8les dans les sc\u00e9narios complexes, tandis que la r\u00e9gression lasso est plus performante dans les cas plus simples. L&#8217;optimisation bay\u00e9sienne simule\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/gene-mutation\">les mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a>\u00a0en ing\u00e9nierie des prot\u00e9ines, orientant les exp\u00e9riences d&#8217;exploration de la fitness des prot\u00e9ines dans les banques\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/mutagenesis\">de mutagen\u00e8se<\/a>\u00a0[\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0155\">31<\/a>\u00a0]. L&#8217;apprentissage automatique a \u00e9galement permis de pr\u00e9dire des d\u00e9couvertes fonctionnelles, telles que la laccase alcaline et les valeurs de pH,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/decision-trees\">les arbres de d\u00e9cision<\/a>\u00a0offrant une meilleure interpr\u00e9tabilit\u00e9 et le gradient boosting de meilleures performances lorsque le bruit est minimal[\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0160\">32<\/a>\u00a0].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"sp0025\">Figure 3.\u00a0Strat\u00e9gies\u00a0int\u00e9gr\u00e9es pour exploiter\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/aspergillus-oryzae\">Aspergillus oryzae<\/a>\u00a0dans des applications durables.Cette figure illustre les multiples avantages et processus li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation\u00a0<em>d&#8217;A. oryzae\u00a0<\/em>pour des applications durables dans les\u00a0secteurs de l&#8217;agroalimentaire, des cosm\u00e9tiques et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/synthetic-biology\">de la biologie synth\u00e9tique<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/enzyme\">\u00a0. Parmi les applications pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es figurent la production d&#8217;enzymes<\/a>\u00a0pour l&#8217;industrie alimentaire (par exemple,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/soy-sauce\">la sauce soja<\/a>\u00a0et le sak\u00e9), la synth\u00e8se\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/kojic-acid\">d&#8217;acide kojique<\/a>\u00a0pour les cosm\u00e9tiques et le d\u00e9veloppement de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/expression-vector\">vecteurs d&#8217;expression<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/edible-fungi\">\u00a0et de champignons comestibles\u00a0<\/a>modifi\u00e9s\u00a0. Les fl\u00e8ches bleues repr\u00e9sentent les applications fonctionnelles, tandis que les fl\u00e8ches rouges indiquent les am\u00e9liorations apport\u00e9es aux compos\u00e9s, soulignant ainsi la convergence des pr\u00e9dictions informatiques et de la validation exp\u00e9rimentale pour soutenir des innovations fongiques \u00e9volutives et respectueuses de l&#8217;environnement. Les techniques mol\u00e9culaires et de culture \u2013 telles que\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/crispr\">CRISPR<\/a>\u00a0,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/homologous-recombination\">\u00a0la recombinaison homologue\u00a0<\/a>et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/rna-interference\">l&#8217;interf\u00e9rence ARN<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 sont appliqu\u00e9es conjointement \u00e0 un contr\u00f4le environnemental pr\u00e9cis (nutriments, pH, temp\u00e9rature, lumi\u00e8re) afin d&#8217;optimiser les souches. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/genetics\">g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques\u00a0<\/a>, notamment les promoteurs et les r\u00e9gulateurs transcriptionnels et \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, sont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour garantir une expression s\u00fbre et efficace sur des sites neutres ou sensibles \u00e0 l&#8217;environnement. La partie inf\u00e9rieure met en \u00e9vidence les principaux crit\u00e8res de s\u00e9lection des souches, tels que la toxicit\u00e9,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/phenotypic-variation\">la variation ph\u00e9notypique<\/a>\u00a0et les d\u00e9pendances r\u00e9gulatrices. Abr\u00e9viations\u00a0:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/guide-rna\">gRNA\u00a0<\/a>, ARN guide\u00a0; RISC, complexe de silen\u00e7age induit par l&#8217;ARN ;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/ribonucleoprotein\">RNP<\/a>\u00a0, ribonucl\u00e9oprot\u00e9ine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"sp0025\">Les mod\u00e8les supervis\u00e9s et non supervis\u00e9s analysent les r\u00e9sultats exp\u00e9rimentaux [\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0160\">32<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0165\">33<\/a>\u00a0]. Les mod\u00e8les supervis\u00e9s, tels que la classification et la r\u00e9gression, sont valid\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;aide de m\u00e9triques telles que l&#8217;aire sous la courbe (AUC) ou l&#8217;erreur quadratique moyenne (MSE), tandis que les mod\u00e8les non supervis\u00e9s, tels que\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/principal-component-analysis\">l&#8217;analyse en composantes principales<\/a>\u00a0(ACP), aident \u00e0 analyser des compos\u00e9s ou des caract\u00e9ristiques inconnus.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"sp0025\">Les r\u00e9gulations transcriptionnelles et \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques influencent significativement l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 de la production. Des facteurs de transcription tels qu&#8217;AmyR et CreA r\u00e9gulent la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de CAZymes, tandis qu&#8217;AreA contr\u00f4le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/nitrogen-metabolism\">le m\u00e9tabolisme de l&#8217;azote<\/a>\u00a0et PacC l&#8217;adaptation au pH\u00a0; ces deux m\u00e9canismes influencent la production de SM.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/epigenetic-mechanism\">Les m\u00e9canismes \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a>\u00a0, notamment\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/histone-acetylation\">l&#8217;ac\u00e9tylation<\/a>\u00a0et la m\u00e9thylation des histones, influencent les BGC et sont r\u00e9gul\u00e9s par des facteurs environnementaux comme la temp\u00e9rature et la lumi\u00e8re. Des techniques mol\u00e9culaires telles que CRISPR,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/rna-interference\">l&#8217;interf\u00e9rence ARN<\/a>(ARNi) et la transformation m\u00e9di\u00e9e par PEG\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/agrobacterium\">\u00a0Agrobacterium<\/a>\u00a0(PMT\/AMT) permettent<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/dna-modification\">\u00a0des modifications g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pr\u00e9cises\u00a0<\/a>. Par exemple, CRISPR a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour l&#8217;\u00e9dition de g\u00e8nes dans la synth\u00e8se de l&#8217;acide kojique, et les strat\u00e9gies d&#8217;ARNi am\u00e9liorent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/mycelial-growth\">la croissance myc\u00e9lienne<\/a>\u00a0et<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/stress\">\u00a0la r\u00e9sistance au stress<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"sp0025\">La biotechnologie fongique au service du d\u00e9veloppement durable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La biotechnologie fongique joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la promotion du d\u00e9veloppement durable en exploitant les diverses capacit\u00e9s enzymatiques et m\u00e9taboliques des champignons (\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#f0020\">Figure 4 ).\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/decomposer\">D\u00e9composeurs<\/a> naturels\u00a0, les champignons ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes uniques pour d\u00e9composer les mati\u00e8res organiques complexes, notamment les polluants et les d\u00e9chets, ce qui les rend indispensables aux efforts de biorem\u00e9diation. Leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9grader les produits chimiques nocifs et les plastiques, et \u00e0 d\u00e9toxifier\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/decomposer\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/heavy-metal\">les m\u00e9taux lourds\u00a0<\/a>, fait des champignons des acteurs cl\u00e9s de la lutte contre la pollution environnementale. De plus, les champignons contribuent \u00e0 la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/carbon-sequestration\">s\u00e9questration du carbone<\/a>\u00a0, am\u00e9liorent la sant\u00e9 des sols et renforcent la r\u00e9silience des plantes face au stress, autant d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui soutiennent la durabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9veloppement d&#8217;applications fongiques, telles que<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/bioenergy\">\u00a0la production de bio\u00e9nergie\u00a0<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/copurification\">la purification de l&#8217;eau\u00a0<\/a>et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/sustainable-agriculture\">l&#8217;agriculture durable<\/a>\u00a0, la biotechnologie fongique offre des solutions innovantes et \u00e9cologiques aux d\u00e9fis environnementaux les plus urgents, en accord avec les objectifs mondiaux de d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-1024x760.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-1024x760.png 1024w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-768x570.png 768w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-20x15.png 20w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-32x24.png 32w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21-600x445.png 600w, https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-12-12-a-11.24.21.png 1380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"st0035\">D\u00e9fis et perspectives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour exploiter pleinement le potentiel des champignons, plusieurs d\u00e9fis majeurs doivent \u00eatre relev\u00e9s. L&#8217;un des principaux obstacles r\u00e9side dans l&#8217;annotation fonctionnelle limit\u00e9e des g\u00e8nes, notamment chez les champignons non mod\u00e8les. Bien que les technologies&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/genome-sequencing\">de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome<\/a>&nbsp;aient consid\u00e9rablement progress\u00e9, notre compr\u00e9hension de nombreux&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/fungal-genome\">g\u00e9nomes fongiques<\/a>&nbsp;reste incompl\u00e8te, ce qui freine le d\u00e9veloppement d&#8217;applications fongiques cibl\u00e9es. Pour combler cette lacune, la combinaison de techniques bioinformatiques avanc\u00e9es [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0285\">57<\/a>&nbsp;], incluant des mod\u00e8les de pr\u00e9diction bas\u00e9s sur l&#8217;IA, et d&#8217;une validation exp\u00e9rimentale pourrait grandement am\u00e9liorer l&#8217;annotation des g\u00e8nes et les connaissances fonctionnelles, permettant ainsi des innovations biotechnologiques plus pr\u00e9cises [<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0285\">&nbsp;57<\/a>&nbsp;,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0290\">&nbsp;58<\/a>&nbsp;,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0295\">&nbsp;59<\/a>&nbsp;].Un autre d\u00e9fi majeur r\u00e9side dans la complexit\u00e9 de la manipulation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique chez les champignons \u00e0&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/life-cycle\">cycle de vie complexe&nbsp;<\/a>, tels que les champignons mycorhiziens. Ces champignons symbiotiques sont essentiels \u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/sustainable-agriculture\">une agriculture durable<\/a>&nbsp;, car ils favorisent la croissance des plantes et leur r\u00e9sistance au stress. Cependant, des outils comme CRISPR ont connu un succ\u00e8s limit\u00e9 avec ces esp\u00e8ces en raison de leur biologie complexe. Le d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux outils adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 ces champignons, tels que&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/gene-delivery-system\">des syst\u00e8mes de transfert de g\u00e8nes perfectionn\u00e9s&nbsp;<\/a>ou la r\u00e9gulation par ARN, pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/symbiotic-interaction\">d&#8217;interactions symbiotiques<\/a>&nbsp;b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques , renfor\u00e7ant ainsi la r\u00e9silience et la durabilit\u00e9 des cultures.L&#8217;application \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de solutions fongiques pour des applications concr\u00e8tes repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement un d\u00e9fi. Si les \u00e9tudes en laboratoire montrent des r\u00e9sultats prometteurs pour les champignons dans les domaines de la bio\u00e9nergie, de la biorem\u00e9diation et de l&#8217;agriculture,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/translating-language\">transposer&nbsp;<\/a>ces succ\u00e8s \u00e0 des applications \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle sur le terrain s&#8217;av\u00e8re plus complexe. Des facteurs tels que la composition du sol, la variabilit\u00e9 climatique et&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/dynamics\">la dynamique<\/a>&nbsp;\u00e9cologique r\u00e9duisent souvent l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 en dehors des environnements contr\u00f4l\u00e9s. Pour surmonter cet obstacle, il faudra mener des essais en plein champ \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, collaborer entre le monde universitaire et l&#8217;industrie, et d\u00e9velopper des souches ou des consortiums fongiques adaptables \u00e0 diverses conditions environnementales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;intelligence artificielle acc\u00e9l\u00e8re les progr\u00e8s de la biotechnologie fongique, notamment gr\u00e2ce au cycle DBTL, un cadre fondamental de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/synthetic-biology\">biologie synth\u00e9tique<\/a>&nbsp;. Cependant, le passage \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9chelle industrielle du cycle DBTL pr\u00e9sente des d\u00e9fis uniques, en particulier pour les champignons, car&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/dna-modification\">les modifications g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a>&nbsp;et l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie m\u00e9tabolique produisent souvent des r\u00e9sultats impr\u00e9visibles. Outre l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des outils g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, l&#8217;application du cycle DBTL aux champignons n\u00e9cessite une automatisation avanc\u00e9e, un criblage \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit et des analyses de donn\u00e9es sophistiqu\u00e9es pour g\u00e9rer les vastes ensembles de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s lors de ces processus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;int\u00e9gration de la biotransformation consolid\u00e9e (BTC) avec des esp\u00e8ces fongiques, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des souches par l&#8217;approche DBTL, constitue une voie prometteuse pour l&#8217;optimisation de la bio\u00e9nergie et d&#8217;autres&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/bioproducts\">bioproduits<\/a>&nbsp;. La BTC repose sur l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;un seul micro-organisme pour r\u00e9aliser plusieurs \u00e9tapes d&#8217;un bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9, telles que la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/saccharification\">saccharification<\/a>&nbsp;et la fermentation simultan\u00e9es de la biomasse lignocellulosique. En combinant la BTC avec des souches fongiques modifi\u00e9es produisant une large gamme d&#8217;enzymes et de m\u00e9tabolites, cette approche permet de r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement le co\u00fbt et la complexit\u00e9 de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/biomass-conversion\">la conversion de la biomasse<\/a>&nbsp;, am\u00e9liorant ainsi l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 globale de la production de biocarburants. L&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des souches par DBTL permet d&#8217;optimiser les esp\u00e8ces fongiques dans les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de BTC, en am\u00e9liorant leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9grader efficacement des substrats complexes et \u00e0 produire des compos\u00e9s \u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e.L&#8217;int\u00e9gration de la fermentation en milieu solide (FMS) au sein du cadre DBTL offre une voie prometteuse pour am\u00e9liorer l&#8217;extensibilit\u00e9. La FMS permet la croissance des champignons sur des substrats solides tels que les d\u00e9chets agricoles, optimisant ainsi l&#8217;utilisation des ressources et r\u00e9duisant la d\u00e9pendance aux milieux liquides. Afin d&#8217;exploiter pleinement le potentiel de la FMS et de la bioproduction fongique (BPC), des recherches suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires pour les adapter \u00e0 diverses esp\u00e8ces fongiques et applications, ainsi que pour d\u00e9velopper des syst\u00e8mes automatis\u00e9s permettant une production \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et reproductible. En associant le DBTL \u00e0 des plateformes \u00e9volutives, la biotechnologie fongique, enrichie par la BPC et l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des souches, peut devenir un outil transformateur pour relever les d\u00e9fis de l&#8217;agriculture, de la bio\u00e9nergie et de la d\u00e9pollution environnementale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"st0040\">Concluding remarks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La biotechnologie fongique progresse rapidement et offre des perspectives consid\u00e9rables pour relever les d\u00e9fis de la durabilit\u00e9 en agriculture, en bio\u00e9nergie et en restauration environnementale. Les avanc\u00e9es r\u00e9centes en mati\u00e8re&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/genome-sequencing\">de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome<\/a>&nbsp;, d&#8217;\u00e9dition g\u00e9nique et de fermentation en milieu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/solid-state-fermentation\">solide (FMS)<\/a>&nbsp;ont consid\u00e9rablement \u00e9largi le potentiel d&#8217;utilisation des champignons dans un large \u00e9ventail d&#8217;applications industrielles et \u00e9cologiques [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bb0290\">58<\/a>&nbsp;]. La biotechnologie fongique est particuli\u00e8rement importante car les champignons pr\u00e9sentent un d\u00e9bit de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/protein-secretion\">s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion prot\u00e9ique&nbsp;<\/a>et de production enzymatique sup\u00e9rieur aux syst\u00e8mes bact\u00e9riens traditionnels, permettant ainsi la production d&#8217;enzymes et&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/bioactive-compound\">de compos\u00e9s bioactifs<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/fungal-genome\">&nbsp;plus complexes. Cependant, des d\u00e9fis majeurs subsistent, notamment l&#8217;annotation fonctionnelle des g\u00e9nomes fongiques&nbsp;<\/a>non mod\u00e8les&nbsp;, le g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des champignons symbiotiques et le passage \u00e0 une utilisation plus large des technologies fongiques. Pour surmonter ces obstacles, l&#8217;int\u00e9gration d&#8217;approches multi-omiques \u00e0 l&#8217;intelligence artificielle (IA) est cruciale, car l&#8217;IA peut contribuer \u00e0 l&#8217;analyse d&#8217;ensembles de donn\u00e9es complexes et \u00e0 l&#8217;optimisation des performances fongiques. De plus, l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des essais sur le terrain et le perfectionnement des m\u00e9thodes de production durables telles que&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/solid-state-fermentation\">la FMS<\/a>&nbsp;sont essentiels \u00e0 une mise en \u0153uvre pratique. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 optimiser la biotechnologie fongique, l&#8217;IA a le potentiel de cr\u00e9er des solutions durables et \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle r\u00e9pondant aux besoins environnementaux et industriels mondiaux (voir&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#b0010\">Questions en suspens<\/a>&nbsp;). \u00c0 l&#8217;avenir, privil\u00e9gier la collaboration interdisciplinaire sera essentiel pour faire progresser les technologies fongiques innovantes au service du d\u00e9veloppement durable et&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/translating-language\">pour traduire<\/a>&nbsp;les d\u00e9couvertes scientifiques en applications pratiques et \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Questions en suspensComment les approches bas\u00e9es sur l&#8217;IA peuvent-elles am\u00e9liorer la pr\u00e9cision pr\u00e9dictive de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie m\u00e9tabolique fongique\u00a0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quels sont les principaux obstacles r\u00e9glementaires et de mise \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9chelle li\u00e9s au d\u00e9ploiement de champignons g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s pour des applications industrielles \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle\u00a0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quelles nouvelles esp\u00e8ces fongiques ou voies m\u00e9taboliques restent inexplor\u00e9es pour des applications industrielles ?Comment les champignons peuvent-ils \u00eatre mis \u00e0 profit pour une s\u00e9questration du carbone et une biorem\u00e9diation plus efficaces dans divers \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"reference-links-bs0005\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bbb0005\">1.<\/a>MW\u00a0Yonas\u00a0,\u00a0S.\u00a0ZawarOptimisation de la croissance du pois chiche : d\u00e9voilement de l&#8217;interaction entre les champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires et les rhizobiums pour une agriculture durableGestion de l&#8217;utilisation des sols\u00a0,\u00a040\u00a0(\u00a02024\u00a0)\u00a0, Article\u00a0e13057<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?title=Optimizing%20chickpea%20growth%3A%20unveiling%20the%20interplay%20of%20arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20fungi%20and%20rhizobium%20for%20sustainable%20agriculture&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=M.W.%20Yonas&amp;author=S.%20Zawar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google Scholar<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167779925002252#bbb0010\">2.<\/a>Z.\u00a0Yang\u00a0,\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>Effets synergiques de\u00a0<em>Funneliformis mosseae<\/em>\u00a0et\u00a0<em>de Bacillus paramycoides<\/em>\u00a0: am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des sols et de la tol\u00e9rance du soja \u00e0 la pourriture des racinesEnviron. 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Tout d&#8217;abord, la biotechnologie fongique joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans le secteur alimentaire en renfor\u00e7ant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (ODD [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3984,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-4309","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4309"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6461,"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4309\/revisions\/6461"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sahelib.atatec-design.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=4309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}